Infectious Diseases
235 questions· page 1 of 24
Which row shows the type of pathogen that causes cholera and its mode of transmission?
Options
| pathogen | mode of transmission | |
|---|---|---|
| A | protoctist | contaminated food or water |
| B | protoctist | airborne droplets |
| C | bacterium | contaminated food or water |
| D | bacterium | airborne droplets |
Which statement about tuberculosis (TB) is not correct?
Options
A TB can be controlled by vaccination.
B TB is caused by a virus spread by droplet infection.
C HIV/AIDS increases the risk of developing TB.
D TB may be transmitted by eating contaminated meat.
More cases of malaria are being reported in Europe. Other diseases, formerly confined to tropical countries and transmitted in the same way as malaria, have also spread to parts of Europe. Tropical countries have higher mean temperatures and humidity than Europe.
What could explain the increase in the number of cases of these diseases in Europe?
1 rising temperatures and humidity in Europe as a result of climate change
2 increased travel between Europe and tropical countries
3 creation of wetland areas such as marshes to increase biodiversity
Options
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
The HIV virus causes illness by infecting and destroying T-helper cells. This leads to AIDS and an inability to produce an effective immune response.
Which components of the immune system are produced less effectively when AIDS develops?
1 memory cells
2 plasma cells
3 antibodies
Options
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
Which statements about an infectious disease may be correct?
1 It can be caused by a protoctist.
2 It can be transmitted by an insect vector.
3 It can be transmitted from mother to child.
Options
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
Which statements explain why cholera has not been eradicated by vaccination?
1 There is limited availability of an affordable vaccine.
2 Protection takes several weeks to develop after vaccination.
3 The under-reporting of cholera in the community.
4 Immunity to cholera decreases after two years.
Options
A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1 and 2 only
C 2 and 4 only
D 3 and 4 only
Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to global health.
Which statement describes a step that can be taken to reduce the impact of antibiotic resistance?
Options
A Antibiotics prescribed by a doctor should be shared with family members to protect them.
B Antibiotics should only be used to treat infectious diseases caused by viruses.
C Farmers should give antibiotics to healthy animals to prevent infections occurring.
D Vaccination programmes should be used to reduce the spread of bacterial diseases.
A student made notes about two diseases: hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and Lyme disease.
HFMD is caused by a viral pathogen and is transmitted in a variety of ways including:
● ingestion of water contaminated with faeces
● inhalation of droplets containing the pathogen.
Lyme disease is caused by a bacterial pathogen and is transmitted by the bite of an infected insect.
Which statement makes a correct comparison between the diseases the student wrote about and cholera, malaria or tuberculosis (TB)?
Options
A Antibiotics can be used to kill the vector of the pathogen that causes malaria and the vector of the pathogen that causes Lyme disease.
B HFMD can be transmitted in a similiar way to either cholera or TB.
C The cells of the pathogen that causes HFMD and the cells of the pathogen that causes TB are prokaryotic.
D Transmission of TB and HFMD could be reduced by chlorinating drinking water.
Which statements explain why antibiotics may not treat cholera successfully?
1 The infectious organism has developed resistance to the antibiotic.
2 Antibiotics cannot harm viruses.
3 Antibiotics do not affect pathogens that are eukaryotic.
Options
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 only
C 2 only
D 3 only
Which statement is a possible description of how resistance to penicillin may develop in bacteria?
Options
A A mutation of a bacterial gene prevents penicillin from binding to DNA in bacterial cells, which allows DNA replication to continue.
B A mutation of a bacterial gene causes penicillin to bind less readily to certain proteins, which allows bacteria to continue producing cell walls.
C A mutation of a bacterial gene allows the production of an enzyme that breaks down penicillin, which allows the ribosomes to continue functioning.
D A mutation of a bacterial gene changes the tertiary structure of an enzyme that penicillin inhibits, which allows bacteria to continue producing cell membranes.